Open Observatory

Open source project to monitor the build out and utilisation of compute across the world.

We can see construction. Sentinel-2 dates every hall's roof to the month; Sentinel-1 radar dates structures through cloud and finds new hall-like buildings in the Chinese hubs, unconfirmed until checked.
We can see fuel burning on site. Where a site runs its own turbines, NO₂ plumes give a monthly activity readout, calibrated against EPA-monitored power plants. Of 31 campuses without known on-site generation tested, none showed a plume.
Satellites cannot see electricity use. Where operators publish it we show it: Meta's reported electricity (measured), Google's water use (derived, uncertain ×2). Elsewhere load is documented capacity × a stated prior (presumed).

Map · Quarterly detail · Research view · Code and data · Requests for work · Epoch AI data and annotations (CC BY 4.0); modified and independently roof-dated here.